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Philip Henry Gosse (6 April 1810 – 23 August 1888), known to his friends as Henry,〔Ann Thwaite, ''Glimpses of the Wonderful: The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1810-1888'' (London: Faber & Faber, 2002), xix.〕 was an English naturalist and popularizer of natural science, virtually the inventor of the seawater aquarium, and a painstaking innovator in the study of marine biology. The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and coined the term "aquarium" when he published the first manual, ''The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea'', in 1854.〔Katherine C. Grier (2008) "Pets in America: A History". p. 53. University of North Carolina Press〕 Gosse was also the author of ''Omphalos'', an attempt to reconcile the geological ages presupposed by Charles Lyell with the biblical account of creation. After his death, Gosse was portrayed as a despotic father of uncompromising religious views in ''Father and Son'' (1907), a memoir written by his son, the poet and critic Edmund Gosse.〔One of Edmund's friends called ''Father and Son'' "a story of rank cruelty and almost insanity." Virginia Woolf wrote of "the narrowness, the ugliness" of Edmund's upbringing, and "the almost insane religious mania of the father." Quoted in Ann Thwaite, ''Glimpses of the Wonderful: The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1810-1888'' (London: Faber & Faber, 2002), xv. There are three portraits of (Gosse ) at the (National Portrait Gallery ).〕 ==Early life== Gosse was born in Worcester in 1810 of an itinerant painter of miniature portraits and a lady's maid. He spent his childhood mostly in Poole, Dorset, where his aunt, Susan Bell, taught him to draw and introduced him to zoology as she had her own son, Thomas Bell, twenty years older and later to be a great friend to Henry.〔Thwaite,5-6.〕 At fifteen he began work as a clerk in the counting house of George Garland and Sons in Poole, and in 1827 he sailed to Newfoundland to serve as a clerk in the Carbonear premises of Slade, Elson and Co., where he became a dedicated, self-taught student of Newfoundland entomology, "the first person systematically to investigate and to record the entomology" of the island.〔Douglas Wertheimer, "Gosse, Philip Henry", (Dictionary of Canadian Biography ).〕 In 1832 Gosse experienced a religious conversion—as he said, "solemnly, deliberately and uprightly, took God for my God."〔Quoted in Thwaite, 50.〕 In 1835 he left Newfoundland for Compton, Lower Canada where he farmed unsuccessfully for three years, originally in an attempt to establish a commune with two of his religious friends. Nevertheless, the experience deepened his love for natural history, and locals referred to him as "that crazy Englishman who goes about picking up bugs."〔Thwaite, 58, 67.〕 During this time he became a member of the Natural History Society of Montreal and submitted specimens to its museum.〔 〕 In 1838 Gosse taught eight months for Reuben Saffold, the owner of Belvoir plantation, near Pleasant Hill, Alabama. Gosse studied and drew the local flora and fauna, assembling an unpublished volume, ''Entomologia Alabamensis'', on insect life in the state.〔Mullen, Gary R. and Taylor D. Littleton (2010) ''Philip Henry Gosse: Science and Art in ''Letters from Alabama'' and ''Entomologia Alabamensis''.'' Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1708-9〕 He also recorded his negative impressions of slavery, later published as ''Letters from Alabama'' (1859).〔Thwaite, 87.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Henry Gosse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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